Data Independence in DBMS:-

➺ The ability to change the schema at one level without having to change the schema at the next higher level.
➺ It helps to store data separate from programs and if we made a change in data will not affect the program

◆ Types of Data Independence:

○ Logical Data independence

○ Physical data independence

➺ The ability to change the conceptual schema without having to change the external schema.
➺ Making changes in structure (table) does not affect the database file.
➺ It is hard to achieve logical data independence compare to physical data independence.
➺ when data is added or removed, only the view definition and the mappings need to be changed in the DBMS that support logical data independence.

➺ When we add a new hard disk or change in location of a file does not affect on structure of the table. it is known as physical data independence.
➺ The ability to change the internal schema without having to change the conceptual schema.
➺ It is easy to achieve physical data independence compare to logical data independence.
➺ It helps to separate conceptual levels from the internal levels.

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